Term and Study Guide for Ancient, Early Christian, and Medieval

Accomplishments of Mesopotamia and Babylonians

Uses of music within these ancient cultures

State of music theory in Mesopotamian and Babylonian cultures

Enheduanna

hymn

Types of Instruments

Monophony

Heterophony

Pythagoras

Aristotle and Plato

Doctrine of Ethos (or Imitation, whichever pleases you)

Harmonia

Aristoxneus

Ptolemy and Cleonides

Octave Species, tonoi, echoi

Lyre

Kithara

Harp

Aulos

Apollo and Dionysus and their symbolism

centonization

motif or motive

Constantine and establishment of Christianity as state religion

Byzantium

Constantinople

Dates of division Eastern and Western Empires and significance of split

Elements of Jewish worship carried into Christianity

Church calendar

Offices (names and rough times of at least two services)

Mass 

Proper (function and musically significant portions Introit, Alleluia, and Communion) 

Ordinary of the Mass (Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei)

Meanings or ritual function these Mass portions

plainsong, chant, Gregorian chant

chant text origins

syllabic, neumatic, and melismatic setting

direct, responsorial, and antiphonal

Likely characteristics, language, and possible musical forms of each musically significant portion of the Mass 

Psalm Tones

Antiphon

Fall of Rome and significance of Significance of invasions of Hordes to Western Culture (names of a few of these tribes)

Capella and Boethius

Trivium

Quadrivium

Pope Gregory I

Pope Gregory II

Pepin the Short

Charlemagne

Guido D'Arezzo (not a book) and his contributions

Micrologus (book)

Authentic modes

Differences authentic and plagal modes

trope

sequence

liturgical drama

Wipo of Burgundy

Hildegard von Bingen

Alleluia

Alleluia jubilis

Possible origins of organum

Parallel organum

Aquitane organum

cantus firms and cantus firmus technique

Notre Dame School

Perotin

Leonin

organum purum

discant

rhythmic modes

motet

Franco of Cologne

Franconian notation

Ars Nova

Philippe de Vitry

Guillaume de Machaut

Messe de Notre Dame 

Isorhythm and components

formes fixes

Francesco Landini

Jacopo da Bologna

madrigal

monophonic and polyphonic conductus (and relationship to sequence)

estampie (relationship to sequence)

Cult of Mary and chivalry

Goliards

Menestrals

Troubadors and Trouveres (regions, linguistic differences, station in society)

Minnesingers

Guilds